Everything You Need to Know About Buying Your First Handgun

Are you thinking about buying your first handgun? 

Maybe you’ve done a bit of research, but now you’re knee-deep in information and options, and it’s a lot to take in. Handguns come in countless shapes, sizes, calibers, and features, and what’s best for one person might not be ideal for another. 

You’ve come to the right place. 

We’ve compiled the most comprehensive breakdown of handguns imaginable to help you make the right pick.

Whether you’re looking for something compact and easy to carry, a reliable home defense tool, or a rugged outdoor companion, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know to make a confident decision.

We’ll break down the different types of handguns, introduce you to popular models and calibers, and cover essential features that make each handgun unique. 

We’ll also dive into big names like Glock, Smith & Wesson, and Colt, explore the pros and cons of semi-automatics versus revolvers, and even touch on the classics like the 1911. You’ll also find insights on choosing a handgun that matches your lifestyle and your needs.

Whether you’re a complete beginner or just new to handguns, by the end of this guide, you’ll know far more about it all by the time you’re done.

There’s a lot to go over, and we’ll break it down step-by-step to keep things clear and simple. 

Feel free to jump to any section that catches your eye. This guide is here to help you find the perfect handgun for you, whether you’re starting your journey in firearms or adding a new piece to your collection.

The Basics: Types of Handguns

First things first. Before diving into specific models or calibers, you need to understand the basic types of handguns and what each brings to the table. 

The type of handgun you choose will determine your overall experience and each has its pros and cons. Here’s a breakdown of the major types to help you identify what fits best with your needs and preferences.

1. Semi-Automatic Pistols

Semi-automatic pistols are the most common choice for personal defense and law enforcement. They are versatile, high-capacity, and easy to use.

Semi-autos fire one round per trigger pull, and feed rounds from a detachable magazine. They reload faster than other types of handguns, and have a sleek, low-profile build.

• Advantages: Higher magazine capacity, faster reloading, generally slimmer and easier to conceal.
• Considerations: Requires regular cleaning and maintenance to avoid malfunctions.
• Notable Models:
  • Glock 19 – a favorite for reliability and ease of handling. 
  • SIG Sauer P320 – known for its modularity and adaptable grip sizes.
  • Smith & Wesson M&P Shield – slim, lightweight, and ideal for concealed carry.

2. Revolvers

Revolvers are the tried-and-true classic of handguns, characterized by a rotating cylinder that holds rounds. Known for their simplicity and reliability, revolvers are favored for home defense, backup firearms, and collectors. 

Revolvers were more common prior to the 1980’s, before the advent of polymer framed pistols, as they were considered to be more affordable at the time.

They come in single-action, double-action, and double-action-only models, each with unique firing mechanisms suited to different applications.

Some people may find it difficult to cock the slide on a semi-automatic pistol, so a revolver may be a more favorable option for them.

• Advantages: Reliable, simple to use, less prone to malfunctions, and easy to clean.
• Considerations: Limited ammunition capacity, typically 5-7 rounds, and slower to reload than semi-automatics.
• Notable Models:
  • Ruger GP100 – rugged and ideal for both defense and range shooting.
  • Smith & Wesson Model 686 – a versatile revolver, praised for its balance of power and accuracy.

3. 1911 Platform

Few firearms in history have reached true classic status like the 1911.

The 1911 is a single-action, semi-automatic pistol with a steel frame and slim design, offering a unique shooting experience known for precision and a light trigger pull. The platform is named after its year of adoption by the U.S. military (1911) and is often favored by competitive shooters and enthusiasts for its accuracy and craftsmanship.

The M1911 was the standard issue sidearm for US soldiers in World War II. 

• Advantages: Accurate, customizable, smooth trigger action, and a slim grip.
• Considerations: Generally heavier than polymer-framed pistols, with lower magazine capacity (often 7-8 rounds).
• Notable Models:
  • Colt 1911 – the original military-issue model that’s still popular for its build quality.
  • Kimber Custom II – known for excellent accuracy and craftsmanship.
  • Springfield Armory 1911 – offers modern twists on the classic design, like improved sights and ergonomics.

4. Single-Action Revolvers

Single-action revolvers are a favorite among collectors and those who enjoy historical firearms.

Often seen in Western movies, these require the hammer to be manually cocked for each shot, adding an element of nostalgia and tradition to the shooting experience. They’re less common for defense but popular in the cowboy action shooting sport.

• Advantages: Simple and reliable design with a unique, traditional shooting feel.
• Considerations: Slower rate of fire, as each shot requires manual cocking of the hammer.
• Notable Models:
  • Ruger Vaquero – known for its classic design and durability.
  • Heritage Rough Rider – a budget-friendly option, often chambered in .22 LR for affordable range use.

Choosing the Right Type for Your Needs

So, which type of handgun should you choose?

Each of these handgun types has its own strengths and unique feel. 

If you’re seeking a compact option for concealed carry or self defense, a semi-automatic pistol is likely the best fit. It is the weapon of choice nowadays for most operators.

If reliability and low maintenance are top priorities, a revolver could be a better go-to choice.

For those with a passion for traditional or competitive shooting, the 1911 or single-action revolver platforms may offer the most rewarding experience. 

At the end of the day, if you’re like most firearm owners, you’ll like end up owning a variety of handguns. Don’t say we didn’t warn you.

Let’s dive a little deeper and discuss the various brands on the market.

Best Handgun Brands

Choosing a handgun brand is a lot like shopping for a car; each brand offers unique qualities, reputations, and specializations. As they say, different strokes for different folks.

Here’s a look at some of the most respected names in the handgun world, their standout features, and why they’re top choices among enthusiasts, beginners, and professionals alike.

1. Glock

“Make it simple, make it perfect.” – Glock’s motto

Glock is one of the world’s most recognized and trusted handgun brands, known for its reliable, straightforward design. Built with a lightweight polymer frame and minimal parts, Glocks are easy to maintain and impressively durable. 

Glock revolutionized the handgun industry by introducing and standardizing polymer frames. Prior to polymer frames, semi-automatic handguns were almost exclusively constructed from steel or aluminum alloys.

Glock’s polymer design was initially met with skepticism, but its undeniable advantages—lightweight feel, corrosion resistance, and simplified manufacturing—quickly won over users. This shift influenced the industry at large, prompting other manufacturers to develop their own polymer-framed handguns to keep up with changing demand.

In addition to the polymer frame, Glock’s reputation for simplicity comes from its minimal internal parts and no-nonsense functionality. Glock pistols are made with only 34 component parts, significantly less than their competitor’s designs.

One of Glock’s biggest selling points is their Safe Action System, a three-part safety mechanism integrated directly into the trigger. This system consists of a trigger safety, firing pin safety, and drop safety.

The trigger safety is a lever within the trigger that prevents movement unless intentionally pulled, the firing pin safety blocks the firing pin from moving forward unless the trigger is pulled, and the drop safety prevents accidental discharge if the gun is dropped.

Together, these features provide consistent trigger pull without the need for a manual safety, offering a straightforward, safe, and highly reliable design for shooters in all situations.

• Strengths: High reliability, low maintenance, lightweight design, consistent trigger.
• Popular Models: Glock 19 – popular for concealed carry and home defense; Glock 17 – a full-size duty pistol; Glock 43X – ideal for deep concealment.
• Best For: New shooters, those seeking reliable self-defense or duty firearms, and anyone interested in easy maintenance and customization options.

2. Smith & Wesson

Smith & Wesson is one of the most storied names in American firearms, with a legacy spanning nearly 170 years. Known for innovation, Smith & Wesson has consistently delivered reliable firearms for civilian, law enforcement, and military use, earning its place as an industry icon.

The brand has a long-standing reputation for revolvers, most notably with its classic Model 10 and powerful .357 Magnum models, which remain popular among enthusiasts and collectors alike.

Their most popular handgun, however, may be the .44 Magnum thanks to this man:

In the 1950s, Smith & Wesson successfully expanded into the semi-automatic market with the Model 39, a handgun designed to compete with the German Walther P38. It was the first double action semi-auto pistol designed in the U.S.

While many other Smith & Wesson models have been introduced throughout the years, they debuted the M&P series (for Military & Police) in 2005—a modern, polymer-framed line intended for law enforcement and military use.

Named to honor the legacy of S&W’s earlier M&P revolvers, this new pistol was designed from the ground up, with no interchangeable parts with previous models like the Sigma series.

The M&P incorporates key ergonomic elements from S&W’s research and prior models, including multiple backstrap options to adapt the grip to different hand sizes. This adaptability, combined with an improved trigger design and a unique takedown method that doesn’t require a trigger pull, distinguished the M&P from the Glock and other popular pistols at the time.

Smith & Wesson also offers models with and without thumb safeties, you know…in case you don’t have thumbs.

• Strengths: Wide range of models, innovative designs, robust and reliable.
• Popular Models: M&P Shield – compact, lightweight, and perfect for concealed carry; Smith & Wesson 686 – a powerful and reliable revolver; M&P9 – a versatile 9mm semi-automatic.
• Best For: Concealed carry users, law enforcement, and anyone looking for a mix of classic and modern firearm designs.

3. SIG Sauer

SIG Sauer is known for producing meticulously engineered, highly accurate firearms. They are considered to be on the forefront of innovation in the handgun market.

Originating in Switzerland as SIG (Schweizerische Industrie-Gesellschaft, aka Swiss Industrial Company) in the 1850s, and in 1976, it partnered with the German firm J.P. Sauer & Sohn, creating the SIG Sauer brand recognized worldwide today.

The brand expanded its operations to the U.S. in the 1980s, becoming a favorite among American law enforcement and military agencies.

SIG’s reputation for precision and reliability began with classic models like the P220 and P226, both favored for their accuracy and durability in harsh conditions. The P226, in particular, became famous when it was adopted by the U.S. Navy SEALs.

In 2017, SIG made headlines again with the P320, a modular, striker-fired pistol chosen by the U.S. military as the new standard sidearm under the designation M17. The P320’s modularity—allowing users to change frame sizes, calibers, and even convert from a full-sized to a compact model—redefined expectations for versatility in a duty pistol.

Unlike Glock’s simplified construction, SIG’s designs focus on precision engineering and customization options. SIG pistols tend to have a higher parts count, and their takedown process requires a bit more care, but the trade-off is a firearm that feels finely tuned and robust in hand.

The brand also features a variety of safety mechanisms, including ambidextrous controls and optional manual safeties, making their pistols adaptable for diverse preferences and requirements.

• Strengths: High-quality construction, modular options, excellent trigger quality.
• Popular Models: P320 – modular and adaptable, favored by the U.S. Army; P365 – a popular choice for concealed carry; P226 – a reliable service pistol with military and law enforcement history.
• Best For: Law enforcement and military, competition shooters, and those seeking premium, modular options.

4. Ruger

Sturm, Ruger & Co was founded in 1949 by William B. Ruger and Alexander Sturm. Better known as Ruger, it has grown to be largest firearm manufacturer in the United States as of 2022.

Ruger firearms focus on practicality, engineered to be robust, accurate, and easy to maintain, often at a price point that appeals to both new and seasoned shooters.

Ruger initially made its mark with rimfire pistols like the Ruger Standard, a .22 LR model that set the standard for affordable accuracy. This model evolved into the famous Ruger Mark series, which remains a top choice for target shooters and small-game hunters today.

Ruger’s reputation for ruggedness and value expanded with revolvers like the GP100, which is renowned for its durability and has become a popular choice for both sport and defense.

One of Ruger’s standout innovations came with the introduction of the LCP (Lightweight Compact Pistol) in 2008, which helped shape the market for affordable, concealable .380 ACP pistols.

Compact and easy to carry, the LCP became an instant hit among concealed carriers, and its design has since inspired multiple updates and versions, including the popular LCP II and the slightly larger, higher-capacity LCP Max.

Ruger handguns are characterized by their accessibility and straightforward design. They don’t necessarily have the modularity of brands like SIG Sauer or the minimalist approach of Glock, but they offer a reliable, durable platform that can stand up to extensive use.

Ruger also provides robust customer support and backs many of its firearms with generous warranties.

• Strengths: Affordability, robust build, excellent customer support.
• Popular Models: GP100 – a durable and reliable revolver; LCP – a micro-compact pistol for concealed carry; Ruger SR1911 – a modern take on the classic 1911.
• Best For: First-time buyers, budget-conscious users, and revolver enthusiasts looking for dependable quality.

5. Colt

Colt is one of the most legendary names in firearms history, synonymous with iconic designs that have shaped the American experience.

Founded in 1836 by Samuel Colt, the company became a pioneer in revolver technology, producing firearms that played a pivotal role in the expansion of the American frontier and the modernization of military and law enforcement equipment.

Colt revolvers like the Single Action Army (SAA), famously dubbed the “Peacemaker,” became symbols of the Wild West and are cherished by collectors and enthusiasts for their craftsmanship and historical significance.

This revolver’s timeless design and balance still hold a place in competitive shooting and cowboy action events.

In the semi-automatic world, Colt’s 1911 pistol stands as one of the most influential handgun designs of all time. Introduced in 1911 and designed by John Moses Browning, the Colt 1911 served as the standard sidearm for the U.S. military for over 70 years.

Its crisp single-action trigger, .45 ACP stopping power, and enduring accuracy make it a favorite among enthusiasts, law enforcement, and military operators to this day.

Modern variations like the Colt Combat Elite and the Gold Cup National Match cater to both defensive and competitive shooters, showcasing Colt’s ability to evolve while respecting tradition.

Colt’s more recent ventures include the reintroduction of their Python and Anaconda revolvers, updates to their classic designs with improved metallurgy and production processes. These revivals have been warmly received by revolver enthusiasts, offering the same classic feel with enhanced performance for modern shooters.

While Colt has faced challenges over the years, its commitment to craftsmanship and innovation has solidified its legacy. Colt handguns are revered not just as tools but as pieces of history, with each model telling a story of American ingenuity and resilience.

• Strengths: Heritage, precision, high-quality materials.
• Popular Models: Colt 1911 – a classic, often regarded as one of the finest single-action pistols; Colt King Cobra – a durable revolver for defense and range use; Colt Python – an iconic .357 Magnum revolver.
• Best For: Collectors, competitive shooters, and those who appreciate classic firearm designs with a premium feel.

6. Springfield Armory

Springfield Armory blends a historic legacy with a modern commitment to firearm innovation.

While the original Springfield Armory was established in 1777 under George Washington’s command as a U.S. military arsenal, the current Springfield Armory, founded in 1974, operates independently but honors that legacy.

Today, the company produces firearms designed for civilians, law enforcement, and competitive shooters, combining heritage with cutting-edge performance.

Springfield Armory’s modern success can be attributed to its dedication to combining traditional firearm designs with innovative enhancements.

The company gained widespread attention with the introduction of the XD series, a polymer-framed, striker-fired handgun that offered a unique grip safety in addition to the trigger safety—an uncommon feature among polymer pistols.

The XD quickly became a favorite for self-defense and duty use, known for its reliability and ergonomic design.

Springfield’s 1911 lineup is another highlight, offering a range of models from the budget-friendly Mil-Spec to the competition-ready TRP and the custom-grade Professional. With options chambered in .45 ACP, 9mm, and 10mm, Springfield’s 1911s deliver the classic single-action performance that appeals to collectors, competitive shooters, and tactical professionals alike.

The Springfield Hellcat, introduced in 2019, set a new standard in the micro-compact category. When it was first introduced, it was the go-to concealed carry firearm for many.

With a 13+1 capacity in its extended magazine, it outclassed many competitors in size and firepower. The Hellcat also came optics-ready, something no other concealed carry firearm on the market could rival at the time.

Springfield’s dedication to innovation extends to long guns as well. Their SAINT series of AR-15 rifles and pistols have gained traction for their out-of-the-box reliability, offering an accessible entry point into the world of modern sporting rifles.

• Strengths: Ergonomic design, innovative safety features, diverse lineup of handguns and rifles.
• Popular Models: Springfield XD – a reliable striker-fired pistol with unique safety features; Springfield Hellcat – a micro-compact designed for concealed carry; Springfield TRP 1911 – a high-performance choice for competition and tactical use.
• Best For: Shooters looking for a mix of modern innovation and classic performance, especially in concealed carry, duty, or competition contexts.

7. Heckler & Koch (H&K)

Since its founding in 1949, Heckler & Koch (HK) has produced some of the most innovative and respected firearms in both military and civilian markets.

Known for iconic firearms like the MP5 submachine gun and the G3 rifle, HK’s handguns have become especially popular among law enforcement and tactical shooters worldwide.

HK’s philosophy prioritizes durability and functionality, and their handguns are engineered to perform reliably under extreme conditions.

The HK USP (Universal Self-Loading Pistol) was introduced in the early 1990s and became a groundbreaking handgun that set a new standard for durability and modularity.

It was one of the first production pistols to incorporate a polymer frame alongside their short recoil system.

This advanced system uses a dual recoil spring assembly paired with a patented mechanical buffer, which together absorb and redistribute recoil energy in stages. This design not only reduces felt recoil but also extends the firearm’s lifespan by limiting wear on internal parts.

The HK USP series features an oversized trigger guard, ambidextrous controls, and the ability to handle +P ammunition—the USP remains a staple in HK’s lineup.

Following the USP, HK developed the P2000, P30, and later, the striker-fired VP9.

The VP9, particularly, is loved for its excellent ergonomics, with customizable backstraps and side panels that provide a tailored fit.

Its light, crisp trigger and unique “charging supports” at the rear of the slide to assist with racking, make it a user-friendly option.

The VP9 was HK’s answer to the Glock-dominated striker-fired market, bringing HK’s signature precision to a more affordable, widely accessible platform.

HK pistols are also known for offering a wide variety of trigger configurations. This adaptability appeals to shooters with specific preferences, whether they prefer double-action/single-action (DA/SA) or lighter, striker-fired triggers.

The P30, for instance, is available with multiple trigger setups, allowing shooters to choose the configuration that best suits their needs.

HK firearms come with a higher price tag compared to many competitors, but the brand’s reputation for durability, innovation, and superior craftsmanship often justifies the investment.

These are firearms tend to retain value well over time.

• Strengths: Superior engineering, exceptional durability, customizable ergonomics, and a range of trigger options.
• Popular Models: VP9 – ergonomic, striker-fired pistol; USP – rugged, adaptable platform; P30 – highly customizable with multiple trigger options.
• Best For: Tactical professionals, enthusiasts who prioritize precision engineering, and those looking for robust, reliable firearms built for longevity.

8. Beretta

Beretta is not just a firearms manufacturer—it’s a piece of history. Founded in 1526, it is the oldest active firearm manufacturer in the world, with nearly 500 years of continuous operation.

Headquartered in Gardone Val Trompia, Italy, Beretta is a popular provider of firearms to militaries, law enforcement, and civilians across the globe. Its influence is particularly strong in the semi-automatic pistol market.

The Beretta 92FS, designated as the M9, was adopted by the U.S. military in 1985 to replace the iconic Colt M1911.

The M9 was a cost-effective pistol that offered increased accuracy out-of-the-box, higher capacity mags, and a better safety.

In recent years, Beretta has expanded its lineup to appeal to modern shooters with models like the APX series—a striker-fired pistol line aimed at competing with Glock, SIG Sauer, and Springfield Armory in the tactical and concealed carry markets. The APX utilizes interchangeable backstraps, aggressive slide serrations, and an ergonomic grip that emphasizes modularity and ease of use.

That doesn’t necessarily mean Beretta has walked away from its roots, either. The 92 series continues to be a favorite among gun enthusiasts, with upgraded variants like the 92X Performance catering to competitive shooters who demand more precision and stability.

For concealed carry users, the Beretta PX4 Storm Compact and subcompact models offer innovative rotary barrel systems that reduce felt recoil, setting them apart from the competition.

Beyond handguns, Beretta is also esteemed in the world of shotguns and hunting rifles.

• Strengths: Precision engineering, long-standing reputation for reliability, and a balance of traditional craftsmanship with modern innovation.
• Popular Models: Beretta 92FS – iconic full-size pistol; APX – modern striker-fired design; PX4 Storm – innovative recoil management for concealed carry.
• Best For: Military and law enforcement professionals, competitive shooters, and anyone who values a heritage-rich brand with reliable, precision-crafted firearms.

9. Walther

Bond, James Bond, you say?

Walther is a brand perhaps best known for its association with the iconic British spy.

While Ian Fleming initially armed James Bond with a Beretta M418, a passionate firearms expert and fan convinced the author to make the switch, famously dismissing the .25 Beretta as a “lady’s gun.”

The Walther PPK, short for “Polizeipistole Kriminal” (or “Police Pistol Detective”), became Bond’s weapon of choice. Its compact size and sleek design made it ideal for a covert operative, while its firepower, as Fleming wrote, had “a delivery like a brick through a plate glass window.”

For years, Walther has been a name that carries a legacy of innovation and sophistication in the firearms world.

Founded in 1886 in Zella-Mehlis, Germany by Carl Walther, it became known for combining groundbreaking designs with exceptional craftsmanship. The company’s reputation was cemented in the early 20th century with iconic firearms like the Walther PP and PPK series, which introduced the world to the double-action/single-action (DA/SA) trigger system in a semi-automatic pistol.

In the modern era, Walther continues to innovate. The Walther P99, introduced in 1997, gained acclaim for its striker-fired action and customizable grip, featuring interchangeable backstraps—a concept later adopted industry-wide.

The company’s flagship model today, the Walther PDP (Performance Duty Pistol), has been lauded for its exceptional ergonomics, optics-ready slide, and groundbreaking Performance Duty Trigger.

The PDP is designed for duty use but has quickly become a favorite among both law enforcement and civilian users for its balance of comfort, precision, and modularity.

Walther also caters to competitive shooters with the Q5 Match series, which blends precision machining and fine-tuned performance. For those seeking concealed carry options, the Walther PPS and CCP series offer slim, lightweight designs while maintaining the brand’s hallmark focus on ergonomic comfort and reliability.

Throughout its history, Walther has maintained a reputation for marrying precision engineering with user-friendly designs, making its firearms a popular choice for shooters who value innovation and practicality.

• Strengths: Exceptional ergonomics, innovative trigger systems, and a history of forward-thinking design.
• Popular Models: Walther PDP – versatile optics-ready pistol; P99 – striker-fired innovation with DA/SA capability; PPK – timeless concealed carry classic.
• Best For: Shooters who prioritize ergonomics and modern innovation, competitive marksmen, and enthusiasts drawn to a brand with a blend of heritage and cutting-edge design.

10. CZ

CZ, short for Česká Zbrojovka, is a renowned firearms manufacturer based in the Czech Republic. Established in 1936, CZ has a rich history of producing military, law enforcement, and civilian firearms.

Over the decades, CZ pistols have earned a reputation for their robust steel construction and ergonomic designs.

CZ’s breakthrough came with the introduction of the CZ 75 in 1975, a revolutionary double-action/single-action (DA/SA) pistol that set a new standard for handgun design. The CZ 75 features a steel frame for durability, a high-capacity magazine, and an ergonomic grip shape that fits naturally in the hand.

The design was so influential that it inspired countless clones and imitators, making it one of the most copied handgun designs in history.

CZ pistols are very popular in the competitive shooting world due to their accuracy and performance. Models like the CZ Shadow 2 dominate practical shooting competitions thanks to their low bore axis, smooth triggers, and exceptional balance.

For concealed carry, CZ offers models like the CZ P-01 and the polymer-framed CZ P-10 series, which provide modern features like striker-fired actions and lightweight construction while maintaining CZ’s renowned ergonomics.

CZ also embraces modularity and versatility with options for decockers, manual safeties, and optics-ready slides, catering to a wide range of user preferences. Their attention to detail and commitment to quality control make CZ handguns a trusted choice for both casual shooters and professionals.

The brand’s global footprint expanded further in 2021 with its acquisition of Colt, marrying CZ’s precision manufacturing expertise with Colt’s American legacy.

• Strengths: Ergonomic designs, legendary reliability, and exceptional accuracy across their product lineup.
• Popular Models: CZ 75 – iconic all-steel pistol; Shadow 2 – top-tier competition pistol; P-10 C – striker-fired option for concealed carry.
• Best For: Shooters who value durability and precision, competitive marksmen, and enthusiasts seeking a blend of classic design and modern innovation.

11. Kimber

Kimber is a firearms manufacturer known for its premium 1911-style pistols.

Founded in 1979, the company originally focused on producing high-quality rifles before turning its attention to handguns in the mid-1990s. Kimber’s entry into the handgun market was marked by its commitment to delivering factory-produced 1911 pistols with features typically found only on custom models.

Kimber 1911s quickly gained attention for their tight tolerances, match-grade barrels, and crisp triggers—features that were often absent in mass-produced 1911s of the time.

These qualities made Kimber a go-to brand for shooters seeking out-of-the-box accuracy and aesthetics. Kimber further expanded its reputation with the introduction of its “Custom” series, offering detailed craftsmanship and high-end finishes that elevated the 1911 platform.

Beyond the 1911, Kimber also offers compact and subcompact pistols, such as the Micro 9 and the R7 Mako, designed for concealed carry and personal defense. These models maintain Kimber’s emphasis on premium materials and refined features, including options for night sights, extended magazine capacities, and optics-ready configurations.

Kimber’s dedication to detail extends to aesthetics as well, with models featuring unique finishes, rosewood grips, and engraved slide patterns. While often considered a premium brand with prices to match, Kimber handguns are regarded as a worthwhile investment for those seeking functional elegance and high-performance reliability.

• Strengths: Factory-grade features often found on custom pistols, tight tolerances, and refined aesthetics.
• Popular Models: Custom II – entry-level 1911 with high-end features; Micro 9 – compact pistol for concealed carry; R7 Mako – modern striker-fired carry pistol.
• Best For: Shooters who appreciate the craftsmanship of 1911 pistols or those seeking premium concealed carry options with attention to detail.

12. Taurus

Taurus is a firearms manufacturer based in Brazil, known for making budget-friendly yet reliable handguns.

Founded in 1939, Taurus gained prominence in the 1980s after expanding its presence in the United States. The company’s ability to produce affordable firearms with features often reserved for higher-priced models has earned it a loyal following among first-time buyers and budget-conscious shooters.

Taurus made its mark in the handgun market with revolvers, heavily influenced by Smith & Wesson designs, but eventually expanded into semi-automatic pistols.

The introduction of the PT-92 in the 1980s—a model inspired by the Beretta 92—was a pivotal moment for the company. Manufactured on original Beretta machinery acquired from Brazil, the PT-92 offered a lower-cost alternative while maintaining solid performance and reliability.

In recent years, Taurus has invested in innovation and quality control, producing modern striker-fired handguns like the G3 series and compact G2C. These pistols are designed for concealed carry, self-defense, and everyday use, featuring ergonomic designs, high-capacity magazines, and impressive durability for their price point.

Taurus is also known for its revolvers, such as the Raging Bull series, built for magnum calibers, and the compact Model 856, a reliable option for concealed carry. The company offers a diverse lineup, from entry-level options to larger magnum revolvers.

While some of Taurus’s older models faced criticism for quality issues, the brand has made significant strides in improving manufacturing processes and customer service, reflected in its newer offerings.

• Strengths: Affordable pricing, improved quality in recent models, diverse lineup covering revolvers and semi-automatics.
• Popular Models: G3C – compact striker-fired pistol for concealed carry; PT-92 – reliable full-size semi-auto; Raging Hunter – large-frame revolver for magnum calibers.
• Best For: Budget-conscious buyers, first-time handgun owners, and those looking for a wide range of options across revolvers and semi-automatics.

13. FN Herstal

FN Herstal (Fabrique Nationale), based in Belgium, was founded in 1889, and has a long-standing history of producing firearms that have significantly influenced military and law enforcement arsenals worldwide.

Their collaboration with renowned designers like John Browning led to iconic firearms such as the Browning Hi-Power pistol, which set new standards in handgun design.

In modern times, FN has focused on polymer-framed pistols tailored for self-defense and duty use. The FNX and FNS series offer striker-fired and hammer-fired options with ergonomic designs, ambidextrous controls, and exceptional durability.

The FN 509, one of FN’s most popular models, was developed for the U.S. Army’s Modular Handgun System trials. While it didn’t win the contract, the FN 509 became a commercial success, known for its reliability, modularity, and compatibility with a variety of optics and accessories.

The company has developed unique firearms like the FN Five-seveN pistol, which utilizes the proprietary 5.7×28mm cartridge. This combination offers high velocity and low recoil, providing capabilities not commonly found in standard handgun calibers.

FN also offers a variety of machine guns, grenade launchers, and military weapon systems.

• Strengths: Battle-tested reliability, innovative designs, high magazine capacity, and user-friendly customization.
• Popular Models: FN 509 Tactical – optics-ready pistol for tactical applications; FNX-45 Tactical – a full-size hammer-fired pistol; FN 503 – slim, single-stack concealed carry option.
• Best For: Military and law enforcement professionals, competitive shooters, and civilians seeking durable, duty-grade handguns with advanced features.

14. Staccato

Staccato, formerly known as STI International, is a Texas-based firearms manufacturer specializing in high-performance pistols tailored for competitive shooting, law enforcement, and civilian concealed carry.

Founded in the 1980s, the company revolutionized the handgun world with its modular 2011 design—a double-stack evolution of the classic 1911 platform. This innovation brought the ergonomics and precision of the 1911 into the modern era, combining a slim trigger with higher magazine capacities and improved durability.

Staccato pistols are renowned for their exceptional build quality, achieved through meticulous hand-fitting and precision machining. Designed to deliver outstanding accuracy, they are a favorite among competition shooters, with a reputation for running reliably under demanding conditions. The brand’s commitment to performance has also earned it widespread adoption by law enforcement agencies and elite military units.

The company’s 2011 platform utilizes a polymer grip module paired with a steel frame, which reduces the weight yet maintains balance and durability. It also uses a proprietary recoil management systems, which enhances shooting comfort and control even with high-power calibers like .45 ACP.

Popular models like the Staccato C2 and Staccato P cater to different needs. The C2 is a compact model designed for concealed carry, while the Staccato P is a duty-sized pistol engineered for tactical applications. Both are optics-ready and compatible with modern red-dot sights, which is a nice touch.

• Strengths: Exceptional build quality, modular 2011 design, smooth triggers, and high-capacity magazines.
• Popular Models: Staccato C2 – compact model for concealed carry; Staccato P – duty-sized pistol for tactical and professional use; Staccato XL – competition-focused model with extended barrel.
• Best For: Competitive shooters, law enforcement professionals, and enthusiasts seeking the ultimate blend of precision, reliability, and innovation.

Other Notable Brands

Daniel Defense
Primarily known for their high-quality rifles and AR-15 platforms, Daniel Defense also offers some topline handgun options like the Daniel H9 series. They focus on precision engineering and military-grade reliability, making their firearms a top choice for tactical professionals and enthusiasts.

Canik
Known for delivering affordable yet feature-rich handguns, Canik has gained a reputation for quality comparable to premium brands, particularly with its TP9 series. Their value proposition has made them a strong contender in the concealed carry and competition spaces.

IWI (Israel Weapon Industries)
Specializing in military-grade firearms, IWI is best known for its Tavor rifle but has made waves in the handgun market with models like the Jericho and Masada. Their products emphasize rugged reliability and battlefield-proven designs.

Kahr Arms
A niche brand focused on compact, concealed carry handguns, Kahr offers sleek and straightforward pistols ideal for self-defense. Their all-metal and polymer-frame designs prioritize simplicity and ease of use for everyday carry.

Steyr
Known for innovative designs and European craftsmanship, Steyr’s handguns, like the L9-A2, offer ergonomic features and a unique trapezoidal sight system. They appeal to shooters seeking something different from mainstream options.

KelTec
KelTec stands out for its unconventional designs and focus on innovation. While their pistols are sometimes polarizing, they attract attention for their lightweight, compact options like the P15 and CP33.

Shadow Systems
An up-and-coming brand in the tactical and competition markets, Shadow Systems specializes in Glock-pattern pistols with enhanced features like improved triggers, optics-ready slides, and modular backstraps, appealing to shooters seeking high-end performance.

Wilson Combat
Famed for its custom 1911s and Glock enhancements, Wilson Combat is synonymous with luxury and precision. Their handguns are tailored for discerning users willing to invest in premium craftsmanship and top-tier performance.

Key Features to Consider When Buying a Handgun

When it comes to handguns, there are a plethora of variables to consider. While some options are more popular than others—for instance, 9mm remains the most widely used pistol caliber—each type offers its own unique benefits.

1. Caliber

The caliber basically refers to the size of the bullet.

The bigger the bullet, the more stopping power, but these will cost more money, generate greater recoil, and often result in reduced magazine capacity.

Here’s a rundown of popular calibers:

• 9mm Luger: Versatile, affordable, and manageable recoil. Ideal for beginners, range use, and self-defense. 9mm is the most popular caliber for pistols.
• .45 ACP: Heavier and slower but offers strong stopping power. Known for its use in 1911s and preferred by some for defensive situations.
• .380 ACP: Low recoil and often found in compact pistols, suitable for deep concealment but with reduced stopping power.
• .22 LR: Lightweight, minimal recoil, and budget-friendly. Great for practice and new shooters but not ideal for self-defense.
• .40 S&W: Balances between 9mm and .45 ACP in power, with a bit more recoil than 9mm. Previously popular in law enforcement.

The question to answer is what kind of stopping power do you want to have? How much recoil? And how much do you want to spend on ammo?

If you are shopping for your first firearm, 9mm is the best place to start. It’s the most balanced between all three factors and will be effective for self defense.

2. Size and Weight

Handguns come in various sizes, each with distinct advantages.

• Full-Size: Typically offers better accuracy, reduced recoil, and higher magazine capacity. Ideal for home defense and range shooting.
• Compact: Smaller than full-size, balancing ease of carry with control and capacity. Popular for concealed carry.
• Subcompact: Very concealable and lightweight, often for concealed carry, but may have more felt recoil due to size.
• Micro-Compact: Designed for deep concealment, sometimes referred to as “pocket pistols.” Usually chambered in smaller calibers, with lower magazine capacity and higher recoil in larger calibers.

The right size depends on your intended use; full-size handguns are great for home defense and often used by law enforcement, while compact and subcompact models are ideal for concealed carry.

3. Trigger Mechanisms

Trigger types impact shooting style, control, and safety.

Common types include:

• Single-Action (SA): Requires cocking before each shot, known for a lighter trigger pull, typical in revolvers and 1911s.
• Double-Action (DA): The trigger cocks and releases the hammer in one pull, with a heavier, longer pull adding a layer of safety.
• Double-Action/Single-Action (DA/SA): The first shot is DA, followed by SA, balancing safety with ease of follow-up shots.
• Striker-Fired: Popular in polymer-frame pistols, offering a consistent pull with passive safety features (e.g., Glock’s Safe Action system).

Striker-fired triggers are straightforward, ideal for beginners and defensive use, while single-action triggers offer precision for target shooting.

Stock triggers from the factory can leave much to be desired. Many stock triggers lack the crisp break and short, tactile reset that experienced shooters prefer. This is why triggers are often one of the first upgrades operators make to their handguns.

The shape and design of the trigger shoe can also impact shooting performance. As the part of the trigger your finger directly interfaces with, its contour, width, and texture all play a role in comfort and control.

Some factory trigger shoes are prone to causing the shooter to pull slightly left or right when firing, especially under stress or rapid fire. Aftermarket options often provide a more ergonomic design, reducing the likelihood of these issues.

Trigger pull weight is another critical factor. Factory triggers are typically designed with heavier pull weights to reduce the chance of accidental discharge.

However, a lighter, smoother pull weight can improve accuracy and provide a better operator experience. Many aftermarket triggers offer customized pull weights suited to specific needs, such as competition shooting.

4. Ergonomics and Grip

A handgun’s fit in your hand affects comfort, control, and accuracy.

Key ergonomic factors include:

• Grip Shape and Texture: Textured grips provide control, especially under stress. Some brands offer interchangeable grip sizes.
• Beavertail: Extends the grip back slightly, reducing “slide bite” and improving recoil management.
• Slide and Control Placement: Placement of the slide stop, magazine release, and safety controls impacts accessibility, especially for smaller hands.

Glock has refined their frames over five generations, making adjustments to the grip shape, finger grooves, and beavertail. Generations 1, 2, & 5 feature a smooth grip without finger grooves, while Generations 3 & 4 include finger grooves for added support.

The slide and control placement is another factor that impacts user experience. If you have larger hands, but you’re using a sub-compact model, getting your thumb on the magazine release can be kinda tricky.

5. Magazine Type: Single Stack vs. Double Stack

If you’re using a semi-automatic pistol, it’s helpful to know what type of magazine it uses. The two options are single stack or double stack.

• Single Stack Magazine: Holds rounds in a single, vertical line, resulting in a slimmer grip and generally lower capacity. Ideal for concealment, single stack magazines are found in many compact or subcompact models (e.g., Glock 43, SIG Sauer P365) as they keep the firearm slim for easy carry.
  • Advantages: Slimmer profile for easier concealment, more comfortable grip for smaller hands.
  • Considerations: Lower capacity, often holding between 5-8 rounds.
• Double Stack Magazine: Staggers rounds in two rows within the magazine, providing a wider grip but allowing for significantly higher capacity. Most full-size and many compact handguns use double stack magazines, making them popular for duty or home defense scenarios (e.g., Glock 17, Beretta 92FS).
  • Advantages: Higher capacity, often 10-20 rounds or more, reducing the need for frequent reloads.
  • Considerations: Wider grip may not suit smaller hands and can be harder to conceal.

Choosing between single and double stack magazines often depends on your intended use and comfort. If you want to conceal carry or you have smaller hands, then you’ll want to look for a single stack handgun model.

If you want more rounds for defense or range use, then double stack is the way to go.

6. Sights and Optics

Sights and optics are one of the more fun upgrades to experiment with after buying a handgun. They can improve aiming accuracy and visibility, but ultimately, will come down to personal preference.

Common options include:

• Fixed Sights: Durable and low-profile, typically found on compact models; great for general use but not adjustable.
• Adjustable Sights: Allow for customization of elevation and windage, preferred for target and precision shooting.
• Night Sights: Use tritium or fiber optics for low-light visibility, ideal for defensive carry.
• Red Dot Sights: Offer fast target acquisition, becoming popular on handguns, especially for those with vision issues.

Besides triggers, upgraded sights are one of the first changes operators make when purchasing a new firearm, as many factory sights are less than perfect and could benefit from improvement.

Many slides now come optics-ready from the factory, making it easier to mount a red dot after purchase.

For example, the Glock MOS series (Modular Optic System) is designed for seamless optic integration. If you see “MOS” in the description, you’ll know it’s ready for an optic right out of the box.

Some models are not optics ready and need to be milled. There are a plethora of services out there where you can mail them your slide and they will mill it to fit a red dot. This service can be expensive though.

Common Use Cases and Best Choices for Each

Selecting a handgun is not just about brand preference or features; it’s also you the user, how you intend to use it and matching the firearm to that purpose.

The particular handgun you choose should ultimately come down to your intended use and comfortability with that model.

Here are the main use cases for handguns. We’ll offer some recommendations on models for each use case.

1. Concealed Carry

You’re in a crowded theatre, walking down the street, or out on the town with your family enjoying a meal. Suddenly, chaos erupts—someone enters and starts shooting, turning an ordinary moment into a life-threatening situation.

In those critical seconds, you’ll wish you were prepared, armed with a tool to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Carrying a firearm for self-defense isn’t about paranoia; it’s about preparation. In an unpredictable world, the ability to respond decisively can mean the difference between life and death.

Concealed carry handguns are specifically designed to be lightweight, compact, and easy to conceal under everyday clothing.

These firearms are intended to be carried discreetly “on your person,” ensuring you’re prepared for self-defense when out and about.

The main considerations you should have for any concealed carry firearm are reliability and ease of handling. You want a comfortable grip and manageable recoil, but ultimately something you are comfortable with holstering to your body.

• Characteristics: Compact size, lighter weight, good reliability, comfortable grip for quick access.
• Recommended Models:
  • Glock 43X (9mm, Single Stack): Known for its slim profile and reliability, this 9mm single-stack offers 6+1 rounds and is easy to carry discreetly.
  • SIG Sauer P365 (9mm, Double Stack): High capacity (10-12 rounds) in a micro-compact frame. Excellent for those who want more rounds without sacrificing concealability.
  • Smith & Wesson M&P Shield (9mm or .40 S&W, Single Stack): Lightweight and slim, with a 7-8 round capacity. Known for easy handling and versatility.
  • Ruger LCP II (.380 ACP, Single Stack): Extremely compact and lightweight, making it ideal for deep concealment or pocket carry.

One thing to consider when picking a concealed carry handgun is printing. Printing refers to how much the outline of the firearm is visible through your clothing, potentially revealing that you’re armed.

For this reason, people will typically pick a compact or sub-compact style pistol since a standard, full-size handgun is going to print more.

2. Home Defense

The other scenario for self-defense isn’t when you’re out on the town, but when you’re safely tucked away at home. It’s the middle of the night and you hear the sound of shattering glass. The dog starts barking.

An uninvited intruder has entered your home, and now you’re in harm’s way. In this situation, you don’t need a firearm concealed on your person—you need something with stopping power. A weapon that can either scare off the intruder or, if necessary, neutralize the threat.

Home defense requires a different class of handgun. Full-size or compact models are often preferred for their larger capacity, better handling, and ability to manage recoil more effectively than smaller, lighter options.

When faced with an intruder—or potentially multiple intruders—a higher magazine capacity reduces the likelihood of needing to reload in a critical moment.

Adding accessories like night sights can enhance your visibility in low-light conditions, and having a rail for mounting a flashlight ensures you can quickly identify threats in the dark. These features are essential for giving you the confidence and capability to protect your home.

• Characteristics: Higher capacity, manageable recoil, suitable for quick, accurate aiming.
• Recommended Models:
  • Glock 17 (9mm, Double Stack): A full-size model with a 17-round magazine capacity, known for its dependability and ease of use.
  • Beretta 92FS (9mm, Double Stack): Offers a 15-round capacity with smooth recoil management and an ergonomic grip.
  • SIG Sauer P320 (9mm, Double Stack): Modular and highly adaptable, allowing for easy customization. Also available with night sights and optics-ready options.
  • Smith & Wesson M&P9 (9mm, Double Stack): Versatile and ergonomic, with a 17-round capacity and accessory rail for lights.

Full-size and compact models like the Glock 17 and SIG P320 provide balanced recoil control and capacity, essential for effective use in home defense situations.

3. Range Shooting and Training

Perhaps self defense is not your primary reason for wanting to own a handgun. Maybe you just want to get outdoors and enjoy the sport of shooting. The range is the perfect place for that.

Whether it’s target practice, speed drills, or dialing in your sights, there’s an array of options for fun. Shooting can be as laid-back or as competitive as you want, and it’s a great environment to push yourself or simply enjoy the experience.

It’s also a great excuse to connect with friends who share your passion. Whether you’re stacking tight groups on a target or racing the clock on drills, the range is the perfect spot to meet up and make memories.

If you’re picking a handgun for range use, think about what will be comfortable to shoot for a while, like something with good recoil management or a nice, crisp trigger. A good fit makes the whole experience that much better.

Many range shooters opt for full-size 9mm pistols or .22 LR handguns for this purpose, as these calibers are affordable and widely available.

• Characteristics: Easy to handle, cost-effective ammunition, durable design.
• Recommended Models:
  • Glock 19 (9mm, Double Stack): Known for its reliability and mid-sized design, great for both beginners and experienced shooters.
  • Ruger Mark IV (.22 LR, Single Stack): Chambered in .22 LR, it’s perfect for affordable training with minimal recoil.
  • Springfield XD (9mm, Double Stack): An ergonomic 9mm with a reputation for accuracy and ease of maintenance, ideal for frequent practice.
  • Browning Buck Mark (.22 LR, Single Stack): Known for accuracy and ease of use, this .22 LR pistol is excellent for range practice.

The Glock 19 offers a versatile, reliable choice for range practice, while .22 LR models like the Ruger Mark IV and Browning Buck Mark are ideal for low-cost training.

4. Competitive Shooting

Competitive shooting takes handguns to the next level, blending speed, precision, and strategy. It’s not just about hitting the target—it’s about how fast and accurately you can do it under pressure.

From steel challenge courses to precision bullseye competitions, there’s something exhilarating about the rush of a timed run.

This type of shooting demands a firearm tailored for performance. Competitive shooters often prioritize features like enhanced accuracy, a smooth and light trigger pull, and ergonomics that support fast, repeatable movements.

Accessories like red-dot sights and extended magazines also come into play, providing an edge in demanding scenarios.

Choosing the right handgun for competition isn’t just about performance—it’s also about fit. A well-balanced gun with low recoil and a consistent trigger can make all the difference when fractions of a second count.

• Characteristics: Precision-focused, quick reset triggers, customizable features for optics and extended magazines.
• Recommended Models:
  • Taran Tactical Innovations Combat Master (9mm, Double Stack): Famous from the John Wick series, this custom Glock 34 is built for speed and precision, making it a favorite in 3-gun competitions.
  • CZ Shadow 2 (9mm, Double Stack): Known for its exceptional weight balance and smooth trigger, it’s ideal for practical shooting competitions like IPSC.
  • Sig Sauer P320 X5 Legion (9mm, Double Stack): With its heavy tungsten-infused frame, the X5 Legion offers unmatched recoil control for fast follow-up shots.
  • Walther Q5 Match Steel Frame (9mm, Double Stack): This competition-ready handgun combines a precision trigger with a durable steel frame for reliable performance.

Whether you’re running drills or competing for the podium, competitive shooting is as much about preparation as it is about the right gear. Models like the CZ Shadow 2 and Sig Sauer P320 X5 Legion provide the accuracy and speed needed to excel, while the Taran Tactical Combat Master adds Hollywood-worthy flair to your arsenal.

5. Wilderness and Survival

Handguns used in wilderness environments or survival situations require significant stopping power to defend against wildlife and should be rugged enough for harsh conditions.

Imagine you are hiking up a mountainside when you suddenly realize you are being tracked by a bobcat. We think you’d rather not be another creature’s lunch.

Calibers like 10mm and .44 Magnum are commonly chosen for their power against larger threats.

Accessories like durable holsters, weather-resistant finishes, and extra magazine or ammunition storage are also important considerations when choosing a survival handgun.

• Characteristics: High stopping power, rugged build, capable of handling adverse conditions.
• Recommended Models:
  • Glock 20 (10mm, Double Stack): Known as the “Bear Killer,” offering high stopping power and a 15-round capacity in a durable frame.
  • Ruger Redhawk (.44 Magnum, Double Stack): A strong and reliable revolver with the power to handle large animals in the wild.
  • Smith & Wesson Model 329PD (.44 Magnum, Double Stack): Lightweight and powerful, making it a great option for hiking or camping.
  • Springfield XD-M Elite OSP (10mm, Double Stack): A 10mm semi-auto option with high capacity and optics-ready for faster sighting.

The Glock 20 provides a potent semi-auto option for the wilderness, while revolvers like the Ruger Redhawk offer reliable stopping power in extreme conditions.

Maintenance and Care

So you finally picked up the gun of your dreams and took it on a date to the range. The experience was everything you hoped for—smooth shots, tight groups, and maybe even a few compliments from fellow shooters.

But just like any meaningful relationship, this one requires effort to keep things running smoothly.

Owning a firearm isn’t just about performance; it’s about responsibility, safety, and protecting your investment.

Proper care ensures your handgun is reliable, safe, and ready when you need it most. Cleaning and inspecting your firearm after each use, keeping it well-lubricated, and storing it securely are essential steps in firearm ownership.

Neglecting maintenance can lead to malfunctions, reduced lifespan, and diminished accuracy.

Let’s break it down into five key areas every handgun owner should know:

1. Basic Cleaning and Lubrication

Cleaning your handgun might not be as thrilling as squeezing off rounds at the range, but if you want to take care of your investment and ensure reliable performance, it’s non-negotiable.

Every shot you fire leaves behind a little gift: carbon residue, powder fouling, and debris. Over time, that buildup can turn your once-smooth-operating firearm into a cranky, unreliable mess. The good news?

A little TLC in the form of cleaning and lubrication goes a long way in keeping your gun running like a dream.

Here’s what you’ll need and a simple process to follow:

• Cleaning Supplies Needed: Rather than list all of the supplies you might need here, check out our guide on the best gun cleaning kits.

If you opt for a 1911, be sure to check out our 1911 Bushing Wrench Lynx Tool.

• Cleaning Process:
  1. Field Strip the Handgun: This varies depending on your model. Typically, you’ll remove the magazine, lock the slide back, and inspect to ensure the chamber is empty. Then, use the release mechanism to separate the slide from the frame. More on this in the next section.
  2. Clean the Barrel: Attach a bore brush to a cleaning rod and apply solvent. Run the brush through the barrel multiple times, loosening fouling and residue. Follow with a patch holder and cleaning patches until they come out clean.
  3. Clean the Slide: Using the nylon brush and a little solvent, scrub the slide, focusing on areas with visible residue, especially around the firing pin and extractor. Wipe away any excess solvent with a cloth.
  4. Clean the Frame: Lightly brush any dirt or residue from the frame, paying special attention to the rails where the slide sits.
  5. Lubricate: Apply a small amount of oil to the rails, barrel, and other moving parts to ensure smooth operation. Avoid over-lubrication, as excess oil can attract dirt and cause malfunctions.

2. Field Stripping for Different Types of Handguns

Field stripping is really just a fancy way of saying, “Let’s take this thing apart and give it some TLC.”

Basic disassembly is an essential skill every handgun owner needs to master. It allows you to clean, inspect, and maintain your firearm at a deeper level, ensuring it operates reliably and safely. It will also help you understand the inner workings of the handgun.

Here’s a quick overview for common handgun types:

• Semi-Automatic Pistols: Most modern semi-autos are easy to disassemble. Typically, after removing the magazine and clearing the chamber, you retract the slide slightly and use the slide lock or release lever to remove it. This separates the slide, barrel, and recoil spring from the frame.
• Revolvers: Revolvers don’t require complete disassembly as semi-autos do. Open the cylinder, inspect, and clean each chamber as you would a barrel. Regularly check the firing mechanism to ensure it’s free of debris.
• 1911 Platform: This process can be more complex, involving the removal of a barrel bushing and recoil spring. It’s recommended to follow the manufacturer’s instructions closely.

3. Regular Inspection and Maintenance Tips

There’s a few things we’d recommend you check on a regular basis to keep the firearm in good working condition:

• Inspect the Barrel: Check for obstructions or damage to the rifling. A clean, smooth barrel is essential for accuracy and reliability.

• Check the Firing Pin and Extractor: Ensure they are free of debris, which could cause light primer strikes or extraction issues.
• Examine Springs: Springs, particularly recoil springs, can wear out over time and may need periodic replacement to maintain performance.
• Check Sights: Make sure they’re secure and aligned. Loose sights can affect accuracy.

4. Storage and Safe Handling Practices

As we mentioned earlier, if you’re like most gun owners, you’ll likely end up owning a small arsenal—multiple handguns for different purposes, a couple of ARs because why stop at one, and maybe even a shotgun or two for hunting, home defense, or just blowing up pumpkins for fun.

You’ll want a place to keep all of your goodies and ammo.

Proper storage isn’t just about tidiness; it’s also about responsibility. Keeping your firearms secure prevents unauthorized access, especially in homes with children or frequent visitors. Curious little hands or a houseguest stumbling upon an unsecured gun can lead to tragic accidents.

And let’s not forget, if your home is ever broken into, the last thing you want is your firearms falling into the wrong hands.

A quality gun safe or lockbox is a must-have for any firearm owner. Not only does it keep your firearms and ammo secure, but it also gives you peace of mind knowing that your collection is protected—whether from accidents, theft, or even environmental damage like rust and moisture.

Think of it as the fortress for your arsenal, and invest in one that meets your needs and offers quick access in emergencies.

• Safe Storage Options:
  • Gun Safes: These provide the highest level of security and are ideal for storing multiple firearms. Safes protect against theft, unauthorized access, and some are even fire-resistant.
  • Lock Boxes: Smaller than safes and portable, these are ideal for single handguns, especially if you need quick access. They can be secured to fixed objects for added security.
  • Trigger Locks: A basic but effective way to prevent unauthorized use. Trigger locks are best paired with another form of storage, like a lock box.
• Humidity Control: Keep firearms in a cool, dry environment, as excessive humidity can cause rusting. Use silica gel packs or dehumidifiers in gun safes for added protection.
• Legal Requirements: Familiarize yourself with storage laws in your state, as some jurisdictions have specific regulations for storing firearms, especially around minors.

Firearm Legal Information

Owning a handgun comes with responsibilities, not just in terms of maintenance but also in understanding and following firearm laws.

Regulations can vary widely by country, state, and even municipality, covering everything from ownership and purchase requirements to concealed carry laws and safe storage. This section outlines the key legal aspects to keep in mind, whether you’re a new gun owner or simply brushing up on current requirements.

1. Federal and State Ownership Laws

The United States has both federal and state laws governing handgun ownership, and it’s essential to understand the requirements that apply to you.

• Federal Requirements:
  • Federal law requires handgun purchasers to be at least 21 years old and to pass a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS).
  • Individuals with certain criminal convictions (felonies, for example) or under specific restraining orders are prohibited from owning firearms.
  • Non-U.S. citizens have restrictions on firearm ownership, so residency status can impact eligibility.
• State and Local Requirements:
  • Each state has its own laws regarding purchasing, licensing, and ownership, which may include mandatory waiting periods, permits, and additional background checks.
  • Some states require firearm registration and may restrict the number of handguns you can purchase in a specific time frame.
  • Local municipalities may also have specific regulations, especially in urban areas, so it’s important to check local laws in addition to state laws.

Consult your state and local laws before purchasing or possessing a firearm to ensure compliance with all legal requirements.

2. Concealed Carry Permits and Reciprocity

For those interested in carrying a handgun for self-defense, concealed carry permits are often required. These permits allow individuals to legally carry a concealed firearm, but requirements and reciprocity (recognition of permits across states) vary.

• Types of Carry Permits:
  • Concealed Carry (CCW): Allows you to carry a concealed weapon in public, typically requiring a permit and sometimes a training course.
  • Open Carry: In some states, open carry is permitted, meaning you can carry a firearm in view without a permit. However, open carry laws vary widely and are subject to local regulations.
• Permit Requirements:
  • Many states require a background check, fingerprinting, and firearm safety or concealed carry training to obtain a CCW permit.
  • Some states have “shall-issue” policies, meaning a permit must be granted if you meet the requirements. Others have “may-issue” policies, where approval may depend on additional factors like demonstrated need.
• Reciprocity:
  • Reciprocity agreements allow permit holders to carry across state lines in participating states. For example, a CCW permit from Florida may be recognized in Alabama but not in California.
  • The U.S. Concealed Carry Association (USCCA) and USA Carry websites provide resources for checking reciprocity agreements and laws by state.

3. Safe Storage and Transportation Laws

Proper storage and transportation of firearms are critical, especially when crossing state lines or traveling with a firearm in a vehicle.

• Storage Requirements:
  • Some states require handguns to be stored in a locked container or safe, especially if there are minors in the home. Trigger locks or other security devices are also recommended or required in certain areas.
  • When storing a firearm, consider both security and accessibility. Gun safes, lock boxes, and secure cabinets are recommended to prevent unauthorized access.
• Transportation Laws:
  • Federal law allows you to transport a firearm in your vehicle if it is unloaded and locked in a separate compartment (e.g., the trunk), which is essential when traveling between states with varying laws.
  • In states with stricter gun laws, transport requirements can be specific. For instance, firearms may need to be stored separately from ammunition, or only certain types of cases may be allowed.
  • Some states have specific rules on carrying firearms in vehicles, particularly regarding loaded vs. unloaded status, so familiarize yourself with these laws before traveling.

4. Self-Defense Laws

Understanding self-defense laws is crucial for anyone considering using a handgun for personal protection. Many states recognize the right to defend yourself, but laws vary in how they define justified use of force.

• Stand Your Ground: Some states have “Stand Your Ground” laws, which allow individuals to use deadly force in self-defense without a duty to retreat if they believe they face imminent harm.
• Castle Doctrine: The Castle Doctrine generally allows the use of force, including deadly force, in defense of one’s home or property without the requirement to retreat.
• Duty to Retreat: In states without Stand Your Ground laws, there may be a “duty to retreat,” meaning you must attempt to avoid the threat by leaving if it is safe to do so before resorting to deadly force.

Always be sure to understand your state’s specific laws regarding self-defense, as improper use of force can have serious legal consequences.

5. Purchasing Firearms Online

In the digital age, purchasing firearms online is relatively easy, but the process involves specific legal requirements.

• Federal Firearms License (FFL) Transfer: Federal law mandates that any firearm purchased online must be shipped to a licensed FFL dealer in the buyer’s state. You’ll need to pick up the firearm in person at the dealer, who will conduct a background check before transferring it to you.
• State and Local Restrictions: Some states have additional restrictions on online firearm purchases or prohibit certain models. Verify that the handgun you intend to purchase complies with your state’s laws.

When buying online, factor in the cost of the FFL transfer, which varies by dealer.

6. Legal Resources for Gun Owners

There are several resources to help you stay up-to-date on firearms laws, as laws and regulations can change over time.

• NRA Institute for Legislative Action (NRA-ILA): Provides a comprehensive overview of current firearm laws by state.
• USA Carry: Offers resources for concealed carry, including reciprocity maps and state-specific regulations.
• U.S. Concealed Carry Association (USCCA): Provides education, training, and legal resources for concealed carry permit holders.

Final Thoughts

You are now equipped with the essential information and knowledge you need to purchase your first handgun!

Owning a handgun is more than just a purchase—it’s a commitment to responsibility, skill, and self-reliance.

Whether you’re drawn to firearms for personal protection, sport, competition, or wilderness adventures, understanding your options and honing your knowledge is crucial. The right handgun can be a trusted companion, a life-saving tool, or even a source of joy at the range, but it’s up to you to ensure it’s used safely, maintained properly, and stored securely.

As you continue your journey into the world of handguns, remember that the learning never stops. Each new model, caliber, or shooting discipline brings something to explore and master.

Embrace the process, respect the power you wield, and, most importantly, enjoy the sense of confidence and capability that comes with responsible gun ownership. Stay safe, stay informed, and happy shooting!

Justin Trump

Justin Trump is the managing editor and owner of CAT Outdoors. The son of a Vietnam veteran, he’s an avid gun enthusiast and 2A advocate. He holds two firearm patents for the CAT M4 and Talon tools. When not managing CAT Outdoors, he enjoys spending time with his family and friends, rooting for Michigan sports teams, and serving his church.